{"id":6287,"date":"2023-08-14T02:58:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-13T19:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/?p=6287"},"modified":"2023-08-14T22:01:18","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T15:01:18","slug":"mo-hinh-ponzi-la-gi-dau-hieu-nhan-biet-mot-mo-hinh-lua-dao-ponzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/mo-hinh-ponzi-la-gi-dau-hieu-nhan-biet-mot-mo-hinh-lua-dao-ponzi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o Ponzi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ponzi<\/strong>, <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong> hay <strong>k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ponzi<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201ckh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng\u201d v\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay. <strong>Ponzi<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ponzi nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o <strong>Ponzi l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? N\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ra sao? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong> l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 vay ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebb \u0111i vay \u0111\u01b0a ra cam k\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cao l\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay m\u1edbi h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb \u0111i vay c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay m\u1edbi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318-1024x593.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IMG_0318.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong> \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn. D\u00f9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span id=\"Lich_su_ra_doi_cua_mo_hinh_lua_dao_Ponzi\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o Ponzi<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean <strong>Charles Ponzi<\/strong> hay Carlo Ponzi (ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo ti\u1ebfng \u00dd), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong n\u0103m 1920. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Martin Chuzzlewit n\u0103m 1844 v\u00e0 Little Dorrit n\u0103m 1857 c\u1ee7a Charles Dickens, nh\u01b0ng Ponzi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ponzi l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng coupon thanh to\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n tem, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn sau tr\u1ea3 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n b\u01b0u ph\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u00ed t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em phi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tem th\u01b0 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tem th\u01b0 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 1 s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tem th\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Ponzi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tem th\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ebb v\u00e0 g\u1eedi cho \u00f4ng ta. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ed5i phi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y tem th\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ed3i \u0111em b\u00e1n. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ea1ng mua b\u00e1n n\u00e0y trong t\u1eeb ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Arbitrage, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ponzi sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tham lam v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. L\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, C\u00f4ng ty giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n (Securities Exchange Company), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn 50% trong 45 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 100% trong 90 ng\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tem th\u01b0, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thay v\u00ec \u0111em ti\u1ec1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u00f4ng Ponzi ch\u1ec9 \u0111em n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i xem nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1920 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o Ponzi<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, Bernard Madoff b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o Ponzi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi<\/strong>, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cam k\u1ebft mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao v\u1edbi \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p xem c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Tham kh\u1ea3o <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M\u00f4_h\u00ecnh_Ponzi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ponzi, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ponzi hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ponzi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201ckh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[210],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-tien-ao"],"views":496,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6287"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8161,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287\/revisions\/8161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/8158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tapchicntt.com\/rest-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}